Human beings want to achieve a series of basic activities, such as life, work, study must rely on their own organs, in addition to the brain, the most important thing is our eyes, (industrial) robot is no exception, to complete the normal production tasks, without a set of perfect, advanced visual system is hard to imagine.

Human beings want to achieve a series of basic activities, such as life, work, study must rely on their own organs, in addition to the brain, the most important thing is our eyes, (industrial) robot is no exception, to complete the normal production tasks, without a set of perfect, advanced visual system is hard to imagine.

Machine vision system is the use of machines instead of the human eye to make a variety of measurements and judgments. It is an important branch of computing, which integrates optics, machinery, electronics, computer software and hardware technology, involving computers, image processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, signal processing, optical and mechanical integration and other fields. The rapid development of image processing and pattern recognition technology has greatly promoted the development of machine vision.

Understanding Robot Vision Systems

In general, machine vision systems include lighting systems, lenses, camera systems, and image processing systems. For each application, we need to consider the operating speed of the system and the processing speed of the image, whether to use a color or black-and-white camera, whether to detect the size of the target or whether the target is defective, how much the field of view needs, how high the resolution needs, and how much contrast needs Wait.

From the functional point of view, the typical machine vision system can be divided into: image acquisition part, image processing part and motion control part.

　　

 

Advantages of the Vision System

Non-contact measurement will not cause any damage to the observer and the observed, thus improving the reliability of the system.

2. It has a wide spectral response range, such as using infrared measurement that is invisible to the human eye, which expands the visual range of the human eye.

Long-term stable work, it is difficult for humans to observe the same object for a long time, while machine vision can be used for measurement, analysis and recognition tasks for a long time.

The application field of machine vision system is more and more extensive. It has been widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense, transportation, medical care, finance and even sports, entertainment and other industries. It can be said that it has penetrated into all aspects of our life, production and work.

 

1. system composition

In simple terms, the vision system can be summarized by three independent and interrelated modules: the acquisition of the target image, the processing of the image, and the issuing of instructions.

The design of vision system is divided into two parts: software design and hardware design.

　　

 

Hardware Design of (I) Vision System

The hardware of the vision system is mainly composed of lens, camera, image acquisition card, input and output unit and control device.

The quality of a vision system depends on the level of camera pixels, the quality of hardware, and more importantly, the mutual cooperation and rational use of various components.

Software Design of (II) Vision System

The software design of visual system is a complex subject, not only to consider the optimization of program design, but also to consider the effectiveness of the algorithm, and its implementation, in the process of software design to take into account the possible problems.

The software design of the vision system is completed and its robustness is tested and improved to adapt to the complex external environment.

2. working principle

　　

 

Robot vision hardware mainly includes two parts: image acquisition and vision processing, and image acquisition is composed of lighting system, vision sensor, analog-digital converter and frame memory. Robot vision acquires a two-dimensional image of the environment through a vision sensor, which is analyzed and interpreted by a vision processor, and then converted into symbols that allow the robot to recognize objects and determine their location.

The specific process is as follows:

　　

 

3. practical application

The difficulty of industrial machine vision lies in accuracy and speed, which are required to be at the millimeter level, and the change of industrial robot gripper in the industrial field is in three-dimensional space. According to different functions, robot vision can be divided into visual inspection and visual guidance.

1, Food Safety Monitoring

In terms of pipelined production and product quality inspection, machine vision is needed to observe, identify and discover errors and omissions in the production process.

2. Manufacturing

The characteristic of machine vision system is to improve the flexibility and automation of production. Machine vision is often used to replace artificial vision in dangerous working environments that are not suitable for manual work or where artificial vision is difficult to meet the requirements;

At the same time, in the process of mass industrial production, the efficiency of artificial vision is low and the accuracy is not high. Machine vision inspection can improve the production efficiency and the degree of automation of production, and it is easy to realize information integration.

3. Solar energy and traffic monitoring

Solar cell and module manufacturers use machine vision to inspect products, identify and track products, and assemble products.

In the field of traffic monitoring, it can be applied to license plate recognition technology, image analysis technology, automatic identification of license plates, detection of illegal parking, retrograde, traffic accident vehicles, etc.

 

4. market prospects

The traditional manufacturing industry is facing new subversion, and the transformation and upgrading will bring huge market opportunities to China's automation industry. As a highly intelligent product in the automation industry, machine vision has great potential for development in the future.

China's electronics manufacturers and contract manufacturers have been purchasing large amounts of automation equipment to replace labor in the past few years to cope with China's increasing labor shortage, which will reach a climax in the next few years. Taiwan-funded factories have chosen to improve the degree of automation, and the climax of their automation replacement will come in the next 2-3 years, which will surely bring new growth points for the application of machine vision products in this industry.